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The low-protein diet is an important aspect of the diet of kidney patients, especially those suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD). Low protein diets help to reduce the kidney burden and slow down the deterioration of the kidney function. The following are some of the concerns about low-protein diets for kidney patients:Understanding the importance of low-protein dietsReducing the kidney burden: Protein metabolic waste needs to be discharged through kidneys, and reducing protein intake can reduce the kidney load.Control of haemophosphorus levels: High protein foods usually contain higher phosphorus, and low protein diets help control haemophosphorus levels and prevent renal bone diseases.Maintaining nutritional balance: While reducing protein intake, ensuring sufficient energy and essential nutrient intake.Development of a low-protein dietConsultant nutritionist: Before starting to eat low protein, a specialist nutritionist should be consulted to develop a diet plan based on an individual ‘ s kidney function and nutritional status.Determination of protein intake: The total daily protein intake is determined on the basis of a renal function. It is generally recommended that the daily protein intake for patients in CKD 3-5 be 0.6-0.8 g/kg bw.Selection of quality proteins: The quality proteins contain complete essential amino acids and are more easily used in humans. For example, skinny meat, eggs, milk and beans are all sources of good quality protein.Dietary careLimiting high-protein foods: Reduces intake of red meat, poultry, fish and seafood and avoids consumption of high-protein processed foods.Attention to food mix: Improved biological value of proteins through food mix, e.g., bean blends can complement amino acids and increase protein utilization.Control of protein intake between meals: even distribution of daily protein intake to three meals to avoid over-ingestion of one meal.Limiting phosphorous-containing food: High phosphorus food not only increases the kidney burden but may also lead to increased haemophosphorus. Ingestion of food such as nuts, cheese and chocolate should be limited.Complementation of sufficient heat: Reduced protein intake may require increased intake of carbohydrates and fat to ensure sufficient energy.Vitamin and mineral supplements: Low-protein diets may lead to inadequate intake of some vitamins and minerals and may require additional replenishment.Dietary habits adjustmentReading food labels: Understanding protein content in food and helping to control daily protein intake.Reasonable cooking: Use of healthy cooking methods such as steam, cooking, stew, reduction of fried and barbecue to reduce fat and salt in food.Limiting salt intake: high salt diet increases blood pressure and increases the kidney burden. The intake of pickled, processed and fast foods should be restricted.Avoiding foods with high potassium: If the levels of potassium blood are high, foods with high potassium should be restricted, such as bananas, oranges and potatoes.Pay attention to nutrient supplements.Calcium and vitamin D: Low protein diets may lead to insufficient calcium and vitamin D intakes and may require additional supplements.Amino acid is required: Some amino acids are non-synthetic in humans and must be ingested through food. Low-protein diets may lead to insufficient intake of essential amino acids and may consider supplementing essential amino acid formulations.Monitoring and evaluationPeriodic check-ups: periodic blood and urine examinations, monitoring of kidney function, electrolyte, nutritional status, etc.Assessment of nutritional status: periodic assessment of body weight, nutritional status and adjustment of diet plans.ConclusionsLow-protein diets are an important part of the diet management of kidney patients, but the following should be noted:Personalization: a diet based on the individual ‘ s kidney function and nutritional status.Nutritional balance: Reduce protein intake while ensuring sufficient energy and nutrient intake.Ongoing monitoring: periodic monitoring of kidney function and nutritional status and timely adjustment of diet plans.Professional guidance: Dieting under the guidance of a specialist doctor to ensure safety and effectiveness.Through a reasonable low-protein diet, kidney patients can effectively reduce the kidney burden, improve the quality of life and slow the progress of the disease. However, low-protein diets should not be one-size-fits-all, but should be adapted flexibly to the specific circumstances of each patient.